The American Academy of Pediatrics, founded in 1930, is an organization of physicians dedicated to the health of children. The Pediatric History Center, established in 1993, collects materials that document the history of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the history of the delivery of health care to children in the United States and Canada. To further the latter goal, the Pediatric History Center maintains historical records of the American Pediatric Society and the Society for Adolescent Medicine. The archives has an ongoing oral history program.

The Archives and Pediatric History collection consists of about 680 linear feet of records, mostly of the Academy but also records of the American Pediatric Society and the Society for Adolescent Medicine; 670 books on pediatric topics, mostly 20th century but including a few 19th century; about 600 Academy publications; about 650 videos, mostly Academy members appearing in public service announcements or giving advice on health issues, but also including programs on child health issues, Academy meetings, oral histories, and lectures on historic topics; audio tapes, mostly of Academy meeting lectures, but also including oral histories and a variety of other topics; and about 1,300 artifacts from the Robert D. Gauchat, Larry Sarff, and Morris Price Collections of infant feeders and other pediatric antiquities. Included in the records of the Academy and other organizations are about 6 linear feet of photos, including Academy presidents, Board members, Academy events, and members of the American Pediatric Society. The Academy collection also includes some posters and memorabilia.